Mzantsi Medics

Introduction

Type of infection

HFMD is a viral infection.

Aetiology

The causative agents are enteroviruses. The most common virus casing HFMD is Coxsackievirus A16

Transmission

• Coming into direct contact with the secretions or the blisters of a patient with HFMD.
• Open coughing and sneezing of the virus into the air.
• Surfaces and other objects like toys may become contaminated by the virus.
• Coming into contact with faeces often infected patient.

Incubation period

3 – 7 days.

Clinical picture

The common signs and symptoms of HFMD are:

• Loss of appetite
• Fever 
• Sore throat 
• Fatigue
• Small blisters inside of the mouth, sides of the tongue, palms of the hands, and soles of the feet.
• Adults may be asymptomatic.

Prevention

• Practising good hygiene in general
• Regular handwashing
• Not sharing, utensil, toothbrushes and body washing rags.
• Regular cleaning of shared surfaces such as table, sinks and dishes.

Affected community

HFMD mostly affects children in primary schools and daycare centres.

Vaccine

The no vaccine available for HFMD.

Treatment and management

• There is no specific treatment for HFMD but symptomatic treatment.
• Bed rest.
• Proper hydration.
• Symptomatic management of pain and fever.

Affected / Associated Animals

HFMD is not found in any animals.

References